What are the common causes of brake pad noise, vibration, or brake fade?

Brake pad noise, vibration, and brake fade can occur due to various factors related to the brake system and driving conditions. Here are some common causes of these issues:

Pad Material Composition: Certain brake pad materials, particularly semi-metallic and ceramic compounds, may be prone to producing noise or vibration during braking due to their composition and friction characteristics. These materials may exhibit increased noise levels, especially when cold or under light braking conditions.

Brake Pad Glazing: Brake pad glazing occurs when the surface of the brake pad becomes smooth and polished due to overheating or prolonged use without sufficient friction. Glazed brake pads may produce squealing or squeaking noises during braking and can result in reduced braking performance.

Rotor Surface Irregularities: Uneven or warped brake rotor surfaces can cause brake pad vibration and noise during braking. Rotor irregularities may result from excessive heat, improper installation, or uneven wear, leading to brake pedal pulsation, steering wheel vibration, or audible noise.

Brake Caliper Issues: Sticking or malfunctioning brake calipers can cause uneven pressure distribution on the brake pads, leading to vibration, noise, or uneven wear. Caliper issues may result from corrosion, worn seals, or improper lubrication, affecting brake performance and safety.

Brake Pad Contamination: Contaminants such as oil, grease, or brake fluid can affect the friction properties of the brake pads, leading to noise, vibration, or reduced braking effectiveness. Contamination may occur due to leaks, improper maintenance, or environmental factors, requiring thorough cleaning or replacement of affected components.

Brake Hardware Wear: Worn or damaged brake hardware components, such as shims, clips, or caliper pins, can cause brake pad noise or vibration by allowing excessive movement or misalignment of the pads. Proper inspection and replacement of worn hardware can help resolve these issues and restore brake performance.

Brake Pad Age and Wear: As brake pads wear down over time, their friction material may become worn, cracked, or delaminated, leading to noise, vibration, or brake fade. Age-related degradation of the pads can affect their ability to generate friction and dissipate heat efficiently, compromising braking performance.